BÀI TẬP NGỮ PHÁP
CHỦ ĐỀ 10: RELATIVE CLAUSE (mệnh đề quan hệ)
Trong quá trình luyện thi IELTS, việc nắm vững ngữ pháp tiếng Anh là một yếu tố quan trọng để đạt được điểm số cao. Một trong những phần ngữ pháp cần chú ý đối với học IELTS là relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ). Relative clause được sử dụng để mở rộng thông tin về một danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ trong câu. Chúng thường được bắt đầu bằng các từ nối như "who", "which", "that" hoặc "whose". Relative clause giúp cho việc diễn đạt ý của câu trở nên linh hoạt và chính xác.
Việc hiểu và sử dụng relative clause đúng cách không chỉ giúp bạn xây dựng câu văn rõ ràng và logic, mà còn giúp bạn biểu đạt ý kiến và thông tin một cách chi tiết và tổ chức. Trong quá trình học IELTS, chú trọng vào việc rèn luyện kỹ năng sử dụng relative clause sẽ giúp bạn ghi điểm cao trong các phần thi ngữ pháp và viết của kỳ thi này.
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. The scientist _________ invention was a success became famous.
a. who b. whose c. which d. that
2. The man _________ you met at the party was a famous film star.
a. who b. that c. whom d. all are correct
3. My neighbour, _________ brother is an actor, gave me some theatre tickets.
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
4. We are talking about the writer _________ latest book is one of the best-sellers this year.
a. which b. who c. whom d. whose
5. The people _________ called me yesterday want to buy your house.
a. who b. whose c. whom d. which
6. A newspaper _________ is published everyday is called a daily newspaper.
a. who b. which c. that d. b and c
7. That is the man _________ told me the bad news.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. which
8. Bologna in Northern Italy is the place _________ Guglielmo Marconi was born.
a. there b. where c. what d. which
9. The boy _________ eyes are brown is my friend.
a. who b. whose c. which d. whom
10. My uncle _________ you met yesterday is a lawyer.
a. which b. what c. whose d. whom
II. Fill the blanks with Relative pronoun or Relative adverbs, put commas when they are needed
1. The book _________ I need can’t be found in the library.
2. Here is the beach _________ is the safest for swimmers.
3. Do you know the American woman _________ name is Margaret Mitchell?
4. Jim _________ I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends.
5. That woman _________ name I don’t remember is a doctor.
6. Children enjoy reading the books _________ have coloured pictures.
7. The noise _________ he met woke everybody up.
8. I know a place _________ roses grow in abundance.
9. We must find a time _________ we can meet and a place _________ we can talk.
10. The teacher with _________ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
11. Mr. Brown _________ is only 34 is the director of this company.
12. Let me see all the letters _________ you have written.
13. Is there anyone _________ can help me do this?
14. Alexander Flemming _________ discovered penicillin received the Nobel Prize in 1945.
15. We saw many soldiers and tanks _________ were moving to the front.
III. Combine each pair of sentences below
1. The officer wasn’t very friendly. I spoke to him yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________________
2. The dog was very frightened. The boys threw stones at it.
__________________________________________________________________________
3. The road was built in 1980. We are driving on it.
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Did you see the letter? It came yesterday morning.
__________________________________________________________________________
5. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.
__________________________________________________________________________
6. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.
__________________________________________________________________________
7. I love my parents’ house. I was born in that house.
__________________________________________________________________________
8. The town is small. I grew up there.
__________________________________________________________________________
9. I’ll never forget the day. I first met you then.
__________________________________________________________________________
10. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it.
__________________________________________________________________________
11. This is the house. We often stay in this house in the summer.
__________________________________________________________________________
12. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
__________________________________________________________________________
13. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.
__________________________________________________________________________
14. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday.
__________________________________________________________________________
15. I like standing at the window. I can see the park from this window.
__________________________________________________________________________
16. I do not know the reason. She left school for it.
__________________________________________________________________________
17. The police want to know the hotel. Mr.Foster stayed there two weeks ago.
__________________________________________________________________________
18. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.
__________________________________________________________________________
19. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.
__________________________________________________________________________
20. The woman was a secretary. We were waiting for her.
__________________________________________________________________________
21. Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her.
__________________________________________________________________________
22. The man is very young. You are driving his car.
__________________________________________________________________________
23. Who is the woman? Our teacher is talking to her.
__________________________________________________________________________
24. The day was rainy. She left on that day.
__________________________________________________________________________
25. The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there.
__________________________________________________________________________
26. That man is an artist. I don’t remember the man’s name.
__________________________________________________________________________
LÝ THUYẾT VỀ MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
I. Cách dùng đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ:
WHO: làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.
Ví dụ: Do you know the woman who is talking to Mr. Jones?
(Bạn có biết người phụ nữ đang nói chuyện với ông Jones không?)
WHOM: làm tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.
Ví dụ: Sue keeps thinking about the children whom she met at the orphange last week.
(Sue cứ nghĩ về những đứa trẻ mả cô ấy đã gặp ở trại mồ côi vào tuần trước)
WHICH: làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật.
Ví dụ: Can you recommend a restaurant which serves Indian food?
(Bạn có thể gợi ý một nhà hàng phục vụ thức ăn Ấn Độ không?)
THAT: - làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay thế danh từ chỉ người và danh từ chỉ vật.
- Dùng sau cụm danh từ gồm cả người và vật, các đại từ bất định và dạng so sánh nhất.
Ví dụ: The firemen rescued the old woman and her pets that were stuck in the burning house.
(Lính cứu hỏa đã cứu bà lão và các con thú nuôi của bà bị kẹt trong ngôi nhà đang cháy.)
This is the most beautiful picture that I’ve ever seen.
(Đây là bức tranh đẹp nhất mà tôi đã từng thấy.)
There is something that I need to tell you immediately.
(Có vài chuyện tôi cần nói với bạn ngay lập tức.)
WHOSE: chỉ sự sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức ‘s
Ví dụ: I know the girl whose father is the general director.
(Tôi biết cô gái mà cha là tổng giám đốc.)
WHEN (+ on / at / in which): thay cho danh từ chỉ thời gian
Ví dụ: I still remember the day when we first met.
(Tôi vẫn nhớ ngày mà chúng ta gặp nhau lần đầu.)
WHERE (= at / in / from / on which): thay cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn
Ví dụ: The restaurant where we had dinner was called “Deluxe”
(Nhà hàng nơi chúng ta dùng bữa tối tên là “Deluxe”)
WHY (= for which): dùng để chỉ lý do, thay cho “for the reason”
Ví dụ: The boss wants to know the reason why you are always late for work.
(Ông chủ muốn biết lý do vì sao anh luôn đi làm trễ.)
II. Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn (Restrictive relative clause):
- Cung cấp những thông tin quan trọng cần thiết để xác định danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ đứng trước.
- Là mệnh đề cần phải có trong câu, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không có nghĩa rõ ràng.
- Đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ who(m), which, that và trạng từ quan hệ when, why có thể được bỏ trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn.
III. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn (Non-restrictive relative clause):
- cung cấp thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định.
- cách mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-).
Ví dụ: Ms. Baker, who won the teaching competition, was my teacher.
(Cô Baker, người đã thắng trong cuộc thi dạy giỏi, là cô giáo của tôi.)
- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn, ta không được bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ và trạng từ quan hệ
- “that” không được dùng trong mệnh đề này.
ĐÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP NGỮ PHÁP CHỦ ĐỀ 10
I.
1. The scientist _________ invention was a success became famous.
a. who b. whose c. which d. that
Sau chỗ trống là danh từ invention nên cần đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu whose.
2. The man _________ you met at the party was a famous film star.
a. who b. that c. whom d. all are correct
“the man” là danh từ chỉ người. Đây là mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn nên dùng who, whom, that đều được.
3. My neighbour, _________ brother is an actor, gave me some theatre tickets.
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
Sau chỗ trống là danh từ brother nên cần đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu whose.
4. We are talking about the writer ______ latest book is one of the best-sellers this year.
a. which b. who c. whom d. whose
Sau chỗ trống là cụm danh từ latest book nên cần đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu whose.
5. The people _________ called me yesterday want to buy your house.
a. who b. whose c. whom d. which
Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ người nên đáp án là who
6. A newspaper _________ is published everyday is called a daily newspaper.
a. who b. which c. that d. b and c
Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ vật nên đáp án là which hoặc that
7. That is the man _________ told me the bad news.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. which
Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ người nên đáp án là who
8. Bologna in Northern Italy is the place _________ Guglielmo Marconi was born.
a. there b. where c. what d. which
Dùng where thay thế cho từ chỉ nơi chốn
9. The boy _________ eyes are brown is my friend.
a. who b. whose c. which d. whom
Sau chỗ trống là danh từ eyes nên cần đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu whose.
10. My uncle _________ you met yesterday is a lawyer.
a. which b. what c. whose d. whom
Dùng whom thay thế cho cụm danh từ chỉ người “my uncle”
II.
1. The book __which/that_ I need can’t be found in the library.
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật nên đáp án là which hoặc that
2. Here is the beach ___which/that______ is the safest for swimmers.
Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ vật nên đáp án là which hoặc that
3. Do you know the American woman ___whose___ name is Margaret Mitchell?
Sau chỗ trống là danh từ name nên cần đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu whose.
4. Jim, __who_ I have known for ten years, is one of my closest friends.
Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người nên đáp án là who
5. That woman __whose___ name I don’t remember is a doctor.
Sau chỗ trống là danh từ name nên cần đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu whose.
6. Children enjoy reading the books __which/that__ have coloured pictures.
Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ vật nên đáp án là which hoặc that
7. The noise __which/that__ he met woke everybody up.
Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ vật nên đáp án là which hoặc that
8. I know a place __where___ roses grow in abundance.
Dùng where thay thế cho từ chỉ nơi chốn
9. We must find a time __when__ we can meet and a place __where__ we can talk.
Dùng when thay thế cho từ chỉ thời gian và dùng where thay thế cho từ chỉ nơi chốn
10. The teacher with ___whom__ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
Dùng whom thay thế cho cụm danh từ chỉ người
11. Mr. Brown, __who__ is only 34, is the director of this company.
Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ người nên đáp án là who
12. Let me see all the letters __which/that__ you have written.
Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ vật nên đáp án là which hoặc that
13. Is there anyone __that__ can help me do this?
“anyone” là đại từ bất định nên phải dùng that
14. Alexander Flemming, __who__ discovered penicillin, received the Nobel Prize in 1945.
Thay thế cho chủ ngữ chỉ người nên đáp án là who
15. We saw many soldiers and tanks __that__ were moving to the front.
“soldiers and tanks” là cụm danh từ chỉ cả người và vật nên phải dùng that.
III.
1. The officer wasn’t very friendly. I spoke to him yesterday.
The officer whom I spoke to yesterday wasn’t very friendly.
2. The dog was very frightened. The boys threw stones at it.
The dog which the boys threw stones at was very frightened.
3. The road was built in 1980. We are driving on it.
The road which we are driving on was built in 1980.
4. Did you see the letter? It came yesterday morning.
Did you see the letter which came yesterday morning?
5. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.
The man whose wallet was stolen called the police.
6. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.
My father whom you met this morning goes swimming everyday.
7. I love my parents’ house. I was born in that house.
I love my parents’ house where I was born.
8. The town is small. I grew up there.
The town where I grew up is small.
9. I’ll never forget the day. I first met you then.
I’ll never forget the day when I first met you.
10. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it.
The picture which she was looking at was beautiful.
11. This is the house. We often stay in this house in the summer.
This is the house where we often stay in the summer.
12. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
This is Mrs. Jones, whose son won the championship last year.
13. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.
Thank you very much for the present which/that you sent me.
14. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday.
Mary and Margaret, whom you met yesterday, are twins.
15. I like standing at the window. I can see the park from this window.
I like standing at the window from which I can see the park.
16. I do not know the reason. She left school for it.
I do not know the reason why she left school.
17. The police want to know the hotel. Mr.Foster stayed there two weeks ago.
The police want to know the hotel where Mr. Foster stayed two weeks ago.
18. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.
The man whom you met at the party last night is a famous actor.
19. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.
There are some words which are very difficult to translate.
20. The woman was a secretary. We were waiting for her.
The woman whom we were waiting for was a secretary.
21. Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her.
Sandra, whom you were talking to, works in advertising.
22. The man is very young. You are driving his car.
The man whose car you are driving is very young.
23. Who is the woman? Our teacher is talking to her.
Who is the woman whom our teacher is talking to?
24. The day was rainy. She left on that day.
The day when she left was rainy.
25. The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there.
The city where we spent our vacation was beautiful.
26. That man is an artist. I don’t remember the man’s name.
That man whose name I don’t remember is an artist.
