Cách Sử Dụng Cấu Trúc Câu (Not) As . . . As, Enough, Too

Trong phần thi IELTS Writing, việc sử dụng cấu trúc câu đúng và linh hoạt là một yếu tố quan trọng để đạt điểm cao. Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ tập trung vào cách sử dụng các cấu trúc câu "not as...as," "enough," và "too" để biểu đạt ý nghĩa một cách chính xác trong văn bản.

Việc hiểu và sử dụng cấu trúc câu "not as...as," "enough," và "too" là rất quan trọng trong việc luyện thi IELTS. Bằng cách áp dụng chính xác các cấu trúc này vào bài viết, bạn có thể biểu đạt ý nghĩa một cách rõ ràng và nâng cao khả năng viết của mình.

1. Ta sử dụng (not) as . . . as để nói người hoặc vật không giống nhau theo một cách nào đó. Ta có thể sử dụng tính từ, trạng từ hoặc từ chỉ số lượng (quantifier) với (not) as . . . as như sau:

Their flat is as big as ours.

They ran as fast as they could.

This time there aren’t as many people as last time.

You should save as much as possible.

2. Ta cũng có thể sử dụng (not) the same + noun (danh từ) + as để so sánh người và vật theo cách sau:

Their flat is the same size as ours.

The chairs should be the same height as the table.

3. Ta sử dụng enough (đủ) trước danh từ:

I’m afraid we haven’t got enough milk.

Ta sử dụng enough sau tính từ và trạng từ:

This car isn’t comfortable enough and the other one doesn’t go fast enough.

4. Ta có thể sử dụng enough không cần kèm theo danh từ khi đã rõ nghĩa:

Let’s stop work now. We’ve done enough. (= enough work)

5. Cụm từ có enough có thể đi với for kèm theo một danh từ hoặc đại từ:

Have we got enough bread for breakfast?

This coffee isn’t strong enough for me.

6. Cụm từ có enough có thể đi kèm với động từ nguyên mẫu (infinitive):

I haven’t got enough space to pack my hairdryer.

This bike is light enough to carry as hand baggage.

Ta cũng có thể kết hợp cụm từ có for và cụm từ có to:

There wasn’t enough time for me to finish my dinner.

Thực hành văn phạm

1. Ta sử dụng as . . . as để so sánh hai vật khi ta cần chọn lựa. Tình huống ta quyết định xem mua gì:

I don’t think I want a vase as tall as that red one, but the small vase is as expensive as the tall ones. I’m not sure I want to pay as much as that.

2. Nhiều thành ngữ trong tiếng Anh sử dụng as . . . as để nhấn mạnh tính từ mô tả. Một vài thí dụ:

He was as pleased as Punch. (= very pleased)

Jo’s face went as red as a lobster. (= very red)

Coffee should be as dark as night, as strong as death, and as sweet as love.

3. Ta sử dụng enough trong câu khẳng định để nói rằng ta có đủ vật gì đó:

We’ve got enough apples to last until January.

Trong trường hợp không trang trọng, ta có thể sử dụng cụm từ I’ve had enough of + noun để diễn đạt thất vọng hay mất kiên nhẫn.

I’ve had enough of this awful weather!

4. Ta thường sử dụng enough trong câu phủ định khi nói rằng ta không có nhiều những gì ta cần:

We don’t have enough money to pay the bills.

5. Ta sử dụng enough trong câu hỏi để kiểm tra xem người khác có đủ những gì họ cần chưa. Thí dụ khi ta cần biết chắc khách mời thoải mái:

Have you got enough room? ~ Yes, I’m OK.

Have you had enough potatoes? ~ Plenty, thanks.

Bài tập:

A. A new language course.

Complete the conversation using the prompts and as … as or the same … as.

GEOFF So how’s your course, Tom?

TOM It’s OK. Our new teacher (0) is as good as the old one (be good / the old one)

GEOFF Are you learning a lot?

TOM Yes, but not (1) . . . . . . . . . . (much / before).

GEOFF How good is your Russian now?

TOM Well, I can (2) . . . . . . . . . . (understand / well / the other students) but I can’t (3) . . . . . . . . . . (speak / fluently / them).

GEOFF Are you progressing (4) . . . . . . . . . . (quickly / you hoped)?

TOM Not really. Though I’ve had a lot of work recently so I haven’t been attending (5) . . . . . . . . . . (many / lessons / I wanted). We’ve got (6) . . . . . . . . . . . (amount of homework / last year) though, so I hope I’ll keep improving if I work at home, too.

GEOFF Are you using (7) . . . . . . . . . . (books / before)?

TOM No, this course is the next level, so it’s not (8) . . . . . . . . . . (easy / the one last year). But that’s OK because I like a challenge!

B. Always complaining!

Lewis never seems to have the right amount of the things he needs. Complete these sentences with enough and one of the words from the box.

often well air fast flour large money sweet strong

0 This hot chocolate isn’t sweet enough to drink.

1 Have we got . . . . . . . . . . to make a cake?

2 The bookshelf isn’t . . . . . . . . . . to hold all those books.

3 Do you think there’s . . . . . . . . . . in my bicyle tyres?

4 Have we got . . . . . . . . . . for a new TV?

5 Our internet connection isn’t . . . . . . . . . . to downlosd a film.

6 We haven’t got a vase that’s . . . . . . . . . . for all those flowers.

7 His room is a mess. He doesn’t tidy it . . . . . . . . . .

8 The old hoover didn’t clean the carpet . . . . . . . . . .

C. Things I said today

Complete the sentences with enough and the word in brackets, making any other necessary changes.

0 These shoes are size 9 but Peter takes size 10.

The shoes are not big enough for (big) Peter.

1 It takes half an hour to walk to the station. The train leaves in 45 minutes.

We have . . . . . . . . . . . (time) walk to the station and catch the train.

2 People usually eat two sausages and we have 10.

We have . . . . . . . . . . (sausages) five people.

3 It isn’t very light so we can’t take any photos.

It isn’t . . . . . . . . . . (light) take any photos.

4 The bed is 180 cm but Sally is 185 cm tall.

The bed isn’t . . . . . . . . . . (long) Sally.

5 We can’t go to the beach because it’s a bit cold.

It isn’t . . . . . . . . . . (warm) go to the beach.

6 He doesn’t play his music loudly. It doesn’t annoy the neighbours.

He doesn’t play his music . . . . . . . . . . (loudly) to annoy the neighbours.

Đáp án:

A.

1. as much as before

2. understand as well as the other students

3. speak as fluently as them

4. as quickly as you hoped

5. as many lessons as I wanted

6. the same a mount of homework as last year

7. the same books as before

8. as easy as the one last year

B.

1. enough flour 5. fast enough

2. strong enough 6. large enough

3. enough air 7. often enough

4. enough money 8. well enough

C.

1. enough time to 4. long enough for

2. enough sausages for 5. warm enough to

3. light enough to 6. loudly enough

Nguyen Minh Son (06.07.2012)